Psychonautics (from the Ancient Greek ψυχή psychē ‘soul, spirit, mind’ and ναύτης naútēs ‘sailor, navigator’) refers both to a methodology for describing and explaining the subjective effects of altered states of consciousness, including those induced by meditation or mind-altering substances, and to a research group in which the researcher voluntarily immerses themself in an altered mental state in order to explore the accompanying experiences.
The Greek word gnosis (whence “Gnosticism”) and the Sanskrit bodhi (whence “Buddhism”) have exactly the same meaning, “knowledge”-referring to a knowledge, however, transcending that derived either empirically from the senses or rationally by way of the categories of thought. Such ineffable knowledge transcends, as well, the terms and images by which it is metaphorically suggested; as, for instance, that of a serpent cycling between the kingdom of the Father and Matter.
Our usual Christian way has been to take the mythological metaphors of the Credo literally, maintaining that there is a Father in a Heaven that does exist; there is a Trinity, there was an Incarnation, there will be a Second Coming, and each of us does have an eternal soul to be saved.
The Gnostic-Buddhist schools, on the other hand, make use of their images and words, myths, rituals, and philosophies, as “convenient means or approaches” (Sanskrit upaya, from the root i, “to go,” plus upa-, “toward”), by and through which their ineffable gnosis or bodhi is suggested. Such means are not ends in themselves but ports of departure, so to say, for ships setting sail to the shore that is no shore; and a great number of such ports exist.